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ACCIDENTS & DISASTERS : 5 NUCLEAR DETONATIONS THAT WENT WRONG
5
NUCLEAR DETONATIONS THAT WENT WRONG | TOP 5 COUNTDOWN
13,095,318
views
•Aug
21, 2016
67.3K
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Even if
they are the most dangerous weapons ever created, nuclear weapons still don't
scare some people. Here are 5 Nuclear detonations that went WRONG.
★Credits: Starfish Prime: https://goo.gl/OTQZ7E
Standing
under a nuke (Operation Plumbbob): https://goo.gl/vZhi3S
Lake
Chagan (Chagan Nuclear test): https://goo.gl/7M8ZU8
Storax
Sedan: https://goo.gl/8PA1hN
The
Nuke that almost exploded over North Carolina (1961 Goldsboro B-52 crash): https://goo.gl/xWahD5
★Top 5 Website and Social Media: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sciencedayc...
★Music provided by Incompetech Link: http://adf.ly/18Uj81
★Countdown subjects: Number 5: Starfish Prime Number 4:
Standing under a Nuke (Operation Plumbbob) Number 3: Lake Chagan Number 2:
Storax Sedan Number 1: The Nuke that almost exploded over North Carolina
Grateful thanks to Science Day and all the others who made this video possible and YouTube
TECH WATCH : HYDROGEN BOMB: HOW IT WORKS IN DETAIL. ATOMIC VS THERMONUCLEAR BOMB
HYDROGEN
BOMB: HOW IT WORKS IN DETAIL. ATOMIC VS THERMONUCLEAR BOMB
1,548,551
VIEWS
•Jun
27, 2019
410K
subscribers
JOIN
Hydrogen
bomb how does it work? The bomb on Hiroshima released the energy equivalent of
15,000 tons of TNT. The first hydrogen bomb released the energy equivalent of
10,000,000 tons of TNT. While the atomic bomb like the one that was dropped on
Hiroshima worked on the principle of releasing energy through the splitting of
atoms – also called fission, a hydrogen bomb does something that releases even
more energy, and that is it fuses atoms together. Fusion is even more powerful
than fission. It is the same process that powers our sun. How does fusion work?
The fusion bomb creates energy by combining two isotopes of hydrogen called
deuterium and Tritium to create helium. A large amount of energy is released
when these two isotopes fuse together to form helium because a helium atom has
much less energy than these two isotopes combined. This excess energy is
released in the explosion. Lithium-deuteride is what most hydrogen bombs today
use as their fuel. But how does the process of fusion actually occur? Ordinarily
the nuclei of two atoms cannot be combined because these nuclei have strong
positive electrical charges and repel each other. It turns out that if you
increase the temperature by millions of degrees, it is possible to combine
nuclei together. The temperatures needed are astronomical - higher than even
that at the center of the sun – 100 million degrees Celsius. This is when the
electrons orbiting the nuclei is stripped away from the nucleus and the nuclei
and electrons are floating around freely in a kind of high temperature soup. At
this temperature, the nuclei can get very close to each other and the strong
nuclear strong force binds the protons and neutrons together to form a helium
nucleus and a free neutron. So how is a temperature of 100 million degrees
achieved? This is where the fission or atomic bomb inside the hydrogen bomb
enclosure comes in. The purpose of the fission bomb is to to heat up the fusion
reaction to this 100 million of degrees. A hydrogen bomb is three bombs in one
- an ordinary chemical bomb, a fission bomb, and a fusion bomb. The chemical
bomb initiates the fission bomb which initiates the fusion bomb. A small atomic
bomb is located at the top of the casing. The top of the sphere contains
conventional chemical explosives surrounding a sphere of beryllium mirror
casing, inside of which is a smaller uranium or plutonium sphere about 4 to 6
inches in diameter. Below this atomic bomb is the hydrogen or fusion bomb. It
consists of a cylinder made of uranium, the fuel for the fusion reaction,
lithium deuteride sits inside the cylinder. And at the core of this cylinder
sits a rod of plutonium. In between the fission and fusion bomb is Styrofoam.
First, the fission bomb is detonated by exploding conventional chemical bombs
in sequence, this forces the sphere of plutonium 239 or Uranium 235 to implode
on itself. The implosion of this material creates a critical mass which results
in an atomic explosion. This fission explosion creates high energy gamma rays
and X-rays which heat up the Styrofoam turning it into plasma. The plasma
reflects off the beryllium-lined walls and focuses its energy on the fusion
cylinder. These x-rays travel at the speed of light, so they reach the hydrogen
fuel sooner than the physical shock wave from atomic bomb. This is important
because if the shock wave reached there first, the fusion bomb would be blown
apart before it could create fusion reactions. The heat and pressure of the
plasma compresses the fusion cylinder causing the lithium-deuteride to react.
This releases tritium. The Tritium and deuterium fuse to form Helium and more
neutrons. The neutrons cause the uranium casing and plutonium rod to undergo
more fission reactions. This causes more pressure on the lithium-deuteride,
producing more fusion, and releasing more neutrons which cause more fission.
This positive feedback loop of fission-fusion-fission-fusion reactions goes
back and forth until a huge explosion occurs ripping everything apart. All of
these events happen in about 600 billionths of a second. The result is a huge
explosion. And where does all this energy come from? The sum of all atoms after
the explosion would be less than the sum of all the atoms before the explosion.
This mass is converted to energy using Einstein’s famous equation E=MC^2. #Hydrogenbomb #Atomicbomb And exactly
how much mass is converted to energy? To give you an idea, the bomb dropped on
Hiroshima converted 700 miligrams of mass into energy. The total uranium used
was 55 lbs. A hydrogen bomb however converts about a kilogram or 2 lbs of mass
to pure energy. But in order to convert this much, you have to start with about
140 kilos or 300 lbs. of hydrogen. Only six countries have such bombs —China,
France, India, Russia, United Kingdom, and the United States.
Grateful
thanks to Arvin
Ash and YouTube
EYECATCHERS : PM CARES Explained: Is It Public Authority? Is It Private Trust? Why It Matters?
PM
CARES Explained: Is It Public Authority? Is It Private Trust? Why It Matters?
11,819
views
•Dec
18, 2020
167K
subscribers
Its
almost the end of 2020, and if there is one thing we all Indians should care
about among other things is What exactly is happening to PM CARES? How much
amount is collected in the funds? How much money has been allocated and for
what purpose? Who all have donated to it and how much? And the Big question
mark itself, Whether it is public entity under the government of India or a
private entity? These questions are important since the Government has refused
to answer it under the Right to Information Act saying that PM CARES isn't
public authority. This unaccountability towards people for whom it is
constituted comes at a time when the modi govt has been tightening its grip
around NGOs and their fundings. Take for example Amnesty international.
Recently, the ED put a freeze on its all bank accounts prompting the human
right organization to shut its shop in India. The NGO announced shutting of its
offices in India and letting go of its staff, nearly 150 members, in Bengaluru
and Delhi. The Govt is probing Amnesty under FEMA and FCRA Violations. It is
only few days ago that Court granted the NGO to withdraw some amount from its
account. So while on one hand, the Modi govt has been cracking down on NGOs
based for Funding violations, on the other hand, it refuses to provide any
information regarding the PM CARES fund constituted by itself. Today in this
video, we will talk about PM CARES and all the confusion surrounding it in
Detail and Also try and understand why it matters to have more transparency in
funds like PM CARES.
#PMCARES #RTI #TrustDeed #covid19
Grateful thanks to HW News English and YouTube
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